We buff, shape, file, and polish our nails to make them look gorgeous. And while healthy-looking nails sit high on most of our beauty wishlists, that constant maintenance can contribute to weak, peeling nails. Yes, it's counterintuitive, but it's true nonetheless. Interestingly, although nail damage may seem to happen overnight, dermatologist Karan Lal, D.O., tells us that the visible effects usually take a few weeks to months after a trigger manifests. "For example, an active viral infection may not cause peeling right away, but it may materialize weeks after the infection resolves."
To find out more about the causes of peeling nails, we tapped Dr. Lal, as well as nail expert Amy Ling and dermatologist Dana Stern, M.D. The good news? Not only are brittle nails treatable, but they may also be preventable too. Ahead, we break down everything there is to know about weak, peeling, and brittle nails with the help of our experts.
Meet the expert
- Amy Ling Lin is the CEO and founder of New York nail studio Sundays.
- Karan Lal, D.O., is a double-board-certified dermatologist based in Scottsdale, Arizona, and New York City.
- Dana Stern, M.D., is a board-certified dermatologist and the founder of nail care brand Dr. Dana.
Causes of Peeling Nails
- Acrylic nails: Sporting long, fake nails, which rely on harsh glues to adhere to the natural nails, can also lead to damage. Lin says that the application process of acrylic nails, plus their heavy weight, can suffocate the nails and weaken them, leading to peeling.
- Improper nail polish removal: "Similarly, improper removal of dip or gel nail polish can provoke the nails to thin and peel," Lin adds.
- Excessive buffing: "Buffing is relatively safe, but excessively doing it can induce peeling."
- Over- or underexposure to liquids: According to Lin, when the nails absorb water and swell (from exposure for long periods), the bonds between the nail layers weaken, causing the nails to peel easily. Harsh cleaning products have the same effect. On the other hand, overly dry nails can also peel—especially when they are buffed and drilled down during manicures.
- Diet and health conditions: For some people who experience peeling nails, a diet lacking calcium and iron may be to blame. Likewise, thyroid issues and disorders can also impact nail health.
How to Treat and Prevent Peeling Nails
Maintain a Nutrient-Dense Diet
Dr. Lal recommends following a healthy diet. Upping your iron, calcium, and biotin intake through eggs, avocados, leafy greens, and lean protein sources can aid in strengthening weak nails. Add a multivitamin to supplement any missing vitamins or nutrients for an extra layer of protection.
Avoid Certain Nail Products and Tools
Using the wrong nail products can also instigate peeling. For example, Dr. Stern says cardboard emery boards (a popular nail care tool) generate microscopic tears at the tip of the nail, which can lead to peeling. Buffing and acetone are also offenders. "Acetone dissolves intercellular lipids and damages intercellular adhesion, which makes nails more fragile," she explains. Instead, opt for acetone-free polishes to retain moisture within the nail while still doing their job.
Take a Break From Doing Your Nails
If you want to nip peeling nails in the bud, take a break from wearing polish, extensions, acrylics, and tips."The nails take time to rehab," Dr. Lal shares. "Since they grow about three millimeters per month, it could take one to two months to see them recover."
Use Gloves
Wearing gloves is the best way to minimize contact between nails, water, and chemicals. "A study showed that gloves that create a lot of moisture can exacerbate the issue for those with brittle nails," Dr. Stern says. "Wearing cotton gloves under rubber ones is recommended when doing wet work, like washing dishes or cleaning."
Apply Hand Cream
Regularly applying hand cream, like Sundays Super Hydrating Hand Cream, can also help keep the nails hydrated to prevent peeling. Similarly, cuticle oils can work their magic to rehydrate weak nails.
Utilize Nail Hardeners
Nail hardeners, like the OPI Nail Envy Nail Strengthener, are also beneficial. "They act as a shield and prevent the nails from interacting with irritants, chemicals, and water—which can thin them out," Dr. Lal says.
Exfoliate Your Nails
Just like skin requires regular exfoliation to stay healthy, nails do too. "If you look at a peeling nail under a microscope, the nail cells are detached, lifted, and separating—which causes them to peel and split," Dr. Stern explains. Dr. Stern suggests trying a nail system like Dr. Dana Nail Renewal System, which contains glycolic acid to exfoliate the nails correctly.
The Bottom Line
There are myriad reasons why your nails might peel, and this is a completely common occurrence—so there's nothing "wrong" with you if your nails are peeling. Plus, even though it might take some time, there are simple treatments that'll take care of this. Try giving your nails a break from polishes or acrylics; remember to exfoliate them and use hand cream; and use gloves when you're cleaning. And when in doubt, consult your dermatologist.
